ADCP: Antibody Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis
ADCP is a mechanism by which macrophages engulf and eliminate the tumour cells targeted with monoclonal antibodies.
The target Raji cells were pre-treated with or without Rituximab and stained with pHrodo Red Cell Labelling (red). The THP-1 derived macrophages were stained with calcein staining (green). To assess antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of target Raji cells by THP-1 derived macrophages the two cell types were co-cultured for 6 hours. Data is represented as the red fluorescence intensity (RFI)Â at 0 hours vs. 6 hours in all treatment groups.
Prior to initiating the co-culture with THP-1 derived macrophages, Raji cells were treated with Rituximab (RTX) for 15 minutes. Staining of Raji cells with Incucyte® phRodo® dye produces red fluorescent signals as a result of phagocytosis in response to the treatment conditions. Data is represented as Red Fluorescence Intensity that is a direct measure of phagocytosis. Â
Request a consultation with Cellomatics Biosciences today
Our experienced team of in vitro laboratory scientists will work with you to understand your phenotypic screening needs and provide a bespoke project plan with a professional, flexible service and a fast turnaround time.
To request a consultation where we can discuss your exact requirements, please contact Cellomatics Biosciences.
FAQ
ADCC is an immune effector mechanism in which antibody-coated target cells are recognised and eliminated by cytotoxic immune cells, primarily natural killer (NK) cells or T cells. These cells bind to the Fc region of antibodies via Fcγ receptors, triggering the release of perforin and granzymes that induce rapid target cell death.
The process begins with antibodies binding to antigens on the target cell surface. Effector cells then attach to these antibodies through Fc receptors, leading to immune activation and release of cytotoxic molecules that lyse the target cell.
ADCC results in direct extracellular killing of target cells, whereas ADCP involves engulfment and intracellular degradation by phagocytic cells such as macrophages; both mechanisms contribute to immune-mediated clearance. At Cellomatics, these pathways are characterised using primary immune cells, co-culture systems, and high-content assay platforms to provide a comprehensive functional assessment of antibody activity.
T cells/NK cells are the primary mediators of ADCC. Other immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, may also contribute depending on the biological context.
ADCC is a key mechanism of action for many monoclonal antibody therapies, especially in oncology. At Cellomatics, ADCC activity is evaluated using primary human Tcells/NK cells and optimised assay systems to support antibody development.
Yes, a single antibody can engage both ADCC and ADCP pathways. The dominant response depends on Fc properties, target expression, and the immune cell environment. Cellomatics routinely assesses both mechanisms to provide a complete functional profile.