Psoriasis
An inflammatory skin disorder, triggered or exacerbated by a number of genetic, environmental, or immunological factors. Characterised by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, abnormal epidermal differentiation and infiltration of inflammatory cells.
Primary human keratinocyte differentiation
Keratinocyte differentiation was assessed following treatment with calcium + serum, treatment with a cytokine cocktail, or as a consequence of reaching high confluence (untreated). The majority of untreated control cells differentiated by day 6. Differentiated cells could be readily identified by their large size and cobblestone morphology (white arrows). Treatment with a combination of calcium and serum caused the keratinocytes to rapidly differentiate (>24 hours), resulting in flattened, fibrous, skin-like morphology which was sustained throughout the 6 days of treatment. The cytokine-treated cells (exposed to TNF-α, Oncostatin-M and IL1-α) seemed to exbibit delayed, aberrant differentiation, which is one of the hallmarks of psoriasis. Black arrows highlight irregular filament formation visible only in cytokine treated cells.
Keratinocyte Inflammatory Mediators
Human epidermal keratinocytes were differentiated in media supplemented with FBS and Calcium. The cells were then pre-treated with JAK3/STAT3 inhibitors followed by stimulation with a cytokine cocktail of IL1α + TNFα + Oncostatin M for 48 hours. Supernatants were analysed for various inflammatory mediators using Luminex Multiplex Assay (n=3±SEM;*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001)
Keratinocyte Differentiation Markers
Human epidermal keratinocytes were allowed to differentiate in media supplemented with FBS and Calcium. The cells were then pre-treated with JAK3/STAT3 inhibitors followed by stimulation with a cytokine cocktail of IL1α + TNFα + Oncostatin M for 48 hours. Gene expression levels of key differentiation markers were analysed using Luminex Quantigene™ Assay. The mRNA expressions are normalised to GAPDH and fold change calculated relative to the unstimulated control (n=3±SEM; *p<0.05;**p<0.01;***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001).
Psoriasis: Proliferation in vitro model
Healthy Human epidermal keratinocytes were stimulated with recombinant IL17A (100 ng/ml) and cultured in the presence or absence of STAT3 Inhibitor (Cryptotanshinone) for 5 days. A BrdU incorporation assay was then performed and results are expressed as absorbance values (n=3, mean±SEM; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001).
Psoriasis: Inflammation in vitro model
Effect of JAK Inhibitor on LPS-induced IL8, TNFα and IL1α release from primary human epidermal keratinocytes after 48 hours of treatment. The analytes were measured in cell supernatants using a Luminex Multiplex Assay (n=3, mean±SEM; ****p<0.0001).
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